Human Reproduction System : A Detailed Topic In Simple Words

The process by which organisms increase their numbers is called Reproduction. It is the most important feature of reproductive organisms. Sustainability of fauna on this earth has been possible only due to breeding. Thus, reproduction is the process by which an organism produces other fertile offspring like itself, thus increasing its number and keeping its caste equal to its survival and protecting it from extinction. The organs that participate in the reproduction of organisms are called reproductive organs and all reproductive organs of an organism are collectively called Reproductive system.

 

Human reproductive system

Human is an unisexual creature, ie male and female sexes are found in different organisms. Organisms that produce only sperm are called males. Organisms from which only the egg is produced are called females. The reproductive system in humans is much more developed and complex than other animals. In humans, fertilization occurs in the fallopian tube and embryonic and uterus.

Human beings are viviparous ie they give birth directly to the baby. The reproductive organs in humans become active at the age of 12 to 13 in females and 15 to 18 years of age in males. The reproductive organs also secretion of certain hormones (Hormone) which bring many types of changes in the body.

Such a change is often reflected in the female growing hair on the thoracic and reproductive organs, and the beard and mustache in the male. Male and female reproductive organs are completely different in humans.

 

Male reproductive system

The organs producing the reproductive cells and the organs that carry the reproductive cells to the place of fertilization are jointly called the male reproductive system. In the human male reproductive system, the following sex organs and other related compositions are found in them.

 

Testis and testicular sac, 2. epididymis, 3. spermatheca, 4. spermatheca, 5. urinary tract, 6. penis, 7. prostate or prostate.

Testes and scrotal sac: The testes are male reproductive glands that are elliptical. Their number is two. The testis is the primary reproductive organ found in males. The testes are located in a pouch-like structure made of skin which hangs outside the body. This is called scrotal sae. Male gametes, ie, sperms, are formed by the cells of the testis. The heat required to produce sperm is lower than body temperature.

This is why the testes are located outside the abdominal cavity in the testicular sac. An average ejaculation has about one teaspoon of Venus secretion. It has 20 to 20 lakh sperm count. The sperm length is 5 microns. It is divided into three parts - head, cervix and tail. Sperm live up to 30 days in the body, while after methoon, they live only for 72 hours in women.

There is a type of fluid filled in the testis which is called seminal fluid. Each segment of the testis is filled with seminiferous tubules. These tubes are ringed. Between the spermatogenic ducts are groups of interstitial cells that secrete the male reproductive hormone testosterone.

This hormone is helpful in the development and control of secondary sexual characters. All the spermatid tubes join together to form the vas efferentia. Venus-nerves combine to form the epididymis duct at the end.

In the testis itself, sperm cells are produced by the spermatid tubes. The sperm cells from the testis move into the epididymis where they accumulate. The major function of the testes is to produce sperm and generate the male hormone testosterone.

Epididymis: It is a 6 meter long convoluted tube located behind each testicle. It is well connected to the testis. One end of it remains attached to the testis and the other end goes beyond the epididymis to form the vas deferens. The epididymis act as the major storage site of sperm. In addition, maturation of spermatozoa in the epididymis also occurs. Sperm get active here.

Vas deferens: This is a thin tube whose walls are made up of muscles. The sperm from the epididymis reach the spermatheca. The spermatheca connects the epididymis to the seminal vesicle. They work to push sperm further.

Vas vesicles: This is a pair of thin muscular frescoes. These are Lobed compositions. It is situated above the prostate glands. The sperms on both sides together form the ejaculatory duct. A type of viscous substance is secreted by the sperm. Prostate: It is related to urethra from urinary bladder.

Its shape is like rounded betel nut. Both Prostate glands combine to form a common prostate gland. It has about two dozen ducts which open into the urethra. There is a type of fluid secreted from the prosthesis which is called Prostate fluid. This fluid imparts a distinct smell to Venus. The prostate fluid, along with the spermatic fluid, reach the urethra.

Penis: The penis is the sexual organ of men. It is through the penis that sperm reach the reproductive system of the female. The urinary tract (Urethra) starts from the bladder and passes through the penis and opens in the upper part of it (penis). There is an excessive blood supply to the penis. At the same time, its muscles are also of a specific type. Which gives it stiffness. The penis carries the semen out of the body and reaches inside the vagina of the female.

Female reproductive system

The female reproductive system consists of the following reproductive organs - 1. ovaries, 2. ovaries, 3. uterus, 4. vagina.

Ovaries: Each female has a paired ovary. They are located in the pelvie cavity in the lower part of the abdomen, both on the right and the left one on each side. Each ovary is an oval form. Each ovary is about 4 cm long, 2.5 cm wide and 1.5 cm thick. The ovary is adjacent to the abdomen by the peritoneurn membrane. Eggs are produced by ovulation within the ovary.

The outer layer of the ovary is made up of epithelium called germinal epithelium. The inner part of the ovary is made up of fibers and connective tissue, which is called stroma. The main function of the ovaries is to produce ovum. The ovaries secrete two hormones, estrogen and progesterone, which regulate menstruation.

Fallopian tube: There are two number of fallopian or fallopian tubes, which are situated on both sides of the upper part of uterus. Each fallopian tube is about 10 cm long. One end of this tube is attached to the uterus and the other end makes a welt like fingers towards the ovaries. This composition is called Fimbri. When the egg is released from the ovary, it is captured by the fimbri. After this, the egg reaches the cavity of the fallopian tube. The egg from the fallopian tube reaches the uterus. The main function of the fallopian tube is to capture the egg by the fimbri and deliver it to the uterus.

Uterus: It is a pear-like structure located in the pelvie cavity. It is generally 7.5 cm long, 5 cm wide and 3.5 cm thick. This opens the oviduct on both sides ie right and left angles. Its lower part is narrow which is called Cervix. The cervix is ​​further converted into the vagina. The lower opening of the uterus opens in this. The wall of the uterus is muscular, with empty space inside it. There is a cellular level in the inner side of the uterine wall, which is called the endometrium. The main function of the uterus is to provide a suitable place for embryonic growth of fertilized eggs.

Vagina: It is like a tube. It is about 7.5 cm long. It extends from the outer floor to the uterus. In front of it, there is a urinary bladder and below it is located rectum. The vaginal wall is made up of muscular tissue. One end of the vagina opens out as the female genital cavity and the other end is attached to the cervix of the uterus at the back. The opening of the outside of the vagina's body is called the vaginal orifice.

Vulborital glands are found in the vaginal wall, which produces a viscous fluid. This fluid makes the vagina smooth during sexual intercourse. A small pea-like bulge is located above the entrance of the vagina and ureter, which is called Clitoris. It is a very stimulating organ, which makes the woman feel very happy when she touches or comes in contact with the penis. At the time of Mathun, semen comes out of the penis and falls in the vagina and the vagina delivers it to the uterus.

Ovulation

Along with the growth of ovum, the uterus also grows. These mechanisms of enhancement are controlled by hormones. At 28 days of activation, the human ovary normally produces only one ovum. The release of the ovum by the ovary is called ovulation.

Menstruation cycle

The main symptom of primates is the occurrence of menstrual cycle. The reproductive period of a woman starts at the age of 12–13 years, which lasts until 40–50 years of age. In this reproductive period, excluding pregnancy, there is secretion of blood from the uterus and mucus from its internal wall every 26 to 28 days. This secretion lasts for three to four days. This is called menstruation or menstruation cycle.

Ovulation occurs 14 days after the onset of menstruation. This ovulation occurs in turn from both ovaries. After some time of ovulation, the ovum reaches the oviduct and stays in it from 15th to 19th day. Meanwhile, if the woman intercourse, then this egg gets fertilized and goes into the uterus, otherwise it goes out in the next menstrual cycle. The menstrual cycle or menstrual cycle in girls starts at the age of 12–13 for the first time, it is called Menarche.

Follicle turns yellow after ovulation. Now this follicle is called yellow corpus or corpus leuteum. The growth of the corpus luteum or corpusculium is also controlled by hormones. There is a secretion of a hormone by the corpus luteum called progesterone.

Fertilization

Fertilization is the formation of zygote by the insertion of the male gametes (sperm) and the female gametes. Internal fertilization is found in humans. In humans, fertilization occurs in the female fallopian tube. In this activity only the nucleus of the male gametes participates while the entire female gametes participate in it.

Embryonic development

The zygote that forms after fertilization begins to be sharply divided by mitotic divisions, and eventually establishes a fully developed baby in the uterus. The developed zygote up to about 10 weeks after fertilization is called Embryo and various gradual changes occurring in the zygote are embryonic development. By the 5th week in the fetus, three genetic levels are formed. These three genetic levels are (a) Endoderm (b) Mesoderm and (c) Ectoderm.